Fußnoten zum PRIF Spotlight 05/2025

Lifting Sanctions, Holding the Line: Shaping EU Credibility in Post-Assad Syria

von Franziska F. N. Schreiber | Zur Publikation

1 https://opensyr.com/en/pages/p-26

2 https://theconversation.com/trumps-lifting-of-syria-sanctions-is-a-win-for-turkey-too-pointing-to-outsized-role-middle-powers-can-play-in-regional-affairs-254162

3 https://icct.nl/publication/threat-isis-fragmentated-syria

4  https://blog.prif.org/2025/04/07/without-a-caliphate-but-far-from-defeated-why-daesh-isis-remains-a-threat-in-syria-in-2025/

5 https://icct.nl/publication/threat-isis-fragmentated-syria

6 https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/07/rampant-human-rights-violations-and-war-crimes-war-torn-idlib-faces-pandemic 

7 https://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/syria/article/view/2632/2017

8  https://www.csis.org/analysis/trump-announces-lifting-sanctions-syria ; https://thearabweekly.com/main-ally-sharaa-turkey-welcomes-lifting-syria-sanctions

9 https://euobserver.com/eu-and-the-world/ar9499a187; https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-10688-2025-INIT/en/pdf  

10 https://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/publications/giga-focus/easier-in-than-out-the-protracted-process-of-ending-sanctions 

11 https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/02/24/syria-eu-suspends-restrictive-measures-on-key-economic-sectors/ ; https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/406/oj/eng 

12 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202501096 

13 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02013D0255-20250226 

14 https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/05/28/syria-eu-adopts-legal-acts-to-lift-economic-sanctions-on-syria-enacting-recent-political-agreement/ 

15 https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/06/23/global-human-rights-sanctions-regime-eu-imposes-restrictive-measures-on-five-syrian-individuals-associated-with-the-former-assad-regime-for-supporting-crimes-against-humanity-and-for-fueling-sectarian-violence/ 

16 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018D1544-20241016

17 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202501110; https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/06/23/global-human-rights-sanctions-regime-eu-imposes-restrictive-measures-on-five-syrian-individuals-associated-with-the-former-assad-regime-for-supporting-crimes-against-humanity-and-for-fueling-sectarian-violence/ 

18 https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-lifts-sanctions-syria-defense-ministry/; https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2ewv7y32r1o

19 https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uk-lifts-restrictions-syrias-central-bank-landmark-move 

20 https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/eu-to-lift-all-remaining-economic-sanctions-on-syria/

21 https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/The-Syrian-Arab-Republic_corruption-and-anti-corruption_Final.pdf

22 https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/countries/detail/Syria.html

23 https://en.majalla.com/node/325812/business-economy/what-next-syria-after-us-sanctions-lifted

24 https://www.kas.de/documents/284382/284431/Preliminary+reading+of+Syria%E2%80%99s+post-Assad+eco-nomic+trends.pdf/0e43f590-fb49-1bf4-c9da-7f29ad3a4d92?version=1.0&t=1744875876125 ; https://opensyr.com/en/pages/p-26