Spotlight 01/24: Localization of fatal police violence. Evidence from the Philippines
by Peter Kreuzer | To the Publication
1 Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 439281758.
2 Dahas no year. Violence. Human Rights, and Democracy in the Philippines. dahas.upd.edu.ph; ACLED (Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project). Conflict Index. https://acleddata.com/.
3 Vera Files 2023. Drug-related killings in Davao city belie Marcos’ ‘New Face’ approach to fight vs illegal drugs. July 28. https://verafiles.org/articles/drug-related-killings-in-davao-city-belie-marcoss-new-face-approach-in-fight-vs-illegal-drugs.
4 ABS-CBN no year. Map, Charts: The death toll of the war on drugs. https://news.abs-cbn.com/specials/map-charts-the-death-toll-of-the-war-on-drugs (no longer online).
5 Dahas no year. Violence. Human Rights, and Democracy in the Philippines. https://dahas.upd.edu.ph/.
6 ACLED (Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project). Conflict Index. https://acleddata.com/.
7 Llemit, Ralph Lawrence 2022. Baste won’t take father’s advice to ‘learn how to kill’ seriously. May 9, https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/baste-wont-take-fathers-advice-to-learn-how-to-kill-seriously.
8 DZAR 1026 2023. FPRRD sa mga pulis. I do not believe even for a moment na hindi ninyo kaya. May 31, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm9GhKPjvTc&list=PLbv7B8yNHuK_X_jSFxpUegxJAPFr7IkBd&index=3.
9 Picardal Fr. Amado 2016. The Victims of the Davao Death Squad: Consolidated Report 1998-2015. Preda Foundation, May 6, https://www.preda.org/2016/the-victims-of-the-davao-death-squad-consolidated-report-1998-2015/.
10 Mayol, Ador Vincent 2016. Police ordered to probe alleged Cebu ‘death squad’. July 30. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/801172/police-ordered-to-probe-alleged-cebu-death-squad.
11 Department of Justice 2015. Murder and Frustrated Murder Charges to be filed against the head and members of the Tagum Death Squad; Former Tagum Mayor Uy as Principal or a Co-Conspirator. March 5, https://www.doj.gov.ph/news_article.html?newsid=351#:~:text=MINTA%20and%20ABAYON%20claimed%20that,used%20for%20contract%20killings%20to.
12 Human Rights Watch 2014. “One Shot to the Head”: Death Squad Killings in Tagum City, Philippines. May 20, https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/05/21/one-shot-head/death-squad-killings-tagum-city-philippines.
13 Conde, Carlos H. 2005. Philippine death squads extend their reach. March 23, https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/23/world/asia/philippine-death-squads-extend-their-reach.html.
14 Sunstar 2006. Tomas ‘not sad’ about Cebu City murders: NBI has ‘material evidence, no witnesses.’ February 1, http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v06/n133/a02.html.
15 Lopez, Antonio 2000. Lim’s ‘Bang-Bang’Theory. Asiaweek magazine, November 30. http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/98/0410/nat3.html.
16 Kreuzer, Peter 2020. Governors and mayors in the Philippines: Resistance to or Support for Duterte’s Deadly War on Drugs. Prif-Report 5/2020, Frankfurt/M., https://www.prif.org/fileadmin/HSFK/hsfk_publikationen/prif0520_barrierefrei.pdf.
17 ABS-CBN no year. Map, Charts: The death toll of the war on drugs. https://news.abs-cbn.com/specials/map-charts-the-death-toll-of-the-war-on-drugs (no longer online).
18 Sy-Alvarado, cited in Kreuzer, Peter 2020. Governors and Mayors in the Philippines: Resistance to or Support for Duterte’s Deadly War on Drugs. Prif-Report 5/2020, Frankfurt/M., https://www.prif.org/fileadmin/HSFK/hsfk_publikationen/prif0520_barrierefrei.pdf.
19 Own dataset, based on Bulacan Police Provincial Office various years. Bulacan’s Accomplishments. (comprehensive list of operational reports), http://bulacanpnp.com/.
20 Philippine National Police 2021. Philippine Natinoal Police Manual PNPDM-DO-D-0-2-13-21: Revised Philippine National Police Operational Procedures. Quezon City, https://pnp.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/POP-Manual-2021.pdf.