Barry de Vries

Associate Fellow

Barry de Vries is Research Associate at the Chair of Public Law and Inter­national Law at the Justus Liebig University Giessen and Associate Fellow at PRIF's Research Depart­ment International Institutions.

CV

| since 2018
Associate Fellow at PRIF

| since 2017
Research Associate at the Chair of Public Law and Inter­national Law at the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany

| 2016
PhD Candidate at the Oxford Brookes University, England

| 2015
Internship at the International People’s Tribunal on 1956 Crimes Against the Humanity in Indonesia (IPT 1956) in The Hague, Netherlands

| 2005–2015
Master of Laws in Inter­national and European Law at the Vrije Univer­siteit Brussel, Belgium (2014–2015); Master of Science in Inter­national Crimes and Crimino­logy at the Vrije Univer­siteit Amster­dam (2009–2011), Nether­lands; Bachelor & Master of Laws at the Vrije Univer­siteit Amsterdam, Netherlands (2005–2010)
 

Publications

  • Bio-Invasions: Beyond the Biological Weapons Convention?
    | 2026
    de Vries, Barry (2026): Bio-Invasions: Beyond the Biological Weapons Convention?, Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, 28: 4, 402–424. DOI: 10.1080/13880292.2025.2619361
  • Is the Alleged Use of Riot Control Agents in Ukraine a War Crime?
    | 2025
    de Vries, Barry (2025): Is the Alleged Use of Riot Control Agents in Ukraine a War Crime?, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Published online. DOI: 10.1093/jicj/mqaf041
  • Suspension or cessation of hostilities under ius contra bellum
    | 2025
    de Vries, Barry (2025): Suspension or cessation of hostilities under ius contra bellum. Time for a new Legal Framework?, Review of Central and East European Law, 50: 1–2, 28–54 . DOI: 10.1163/15730352-bja10116
  • A Biological Weapons Convention Verification Mechanism
    | 2025
    de Vries, Barry (2025): A Biological Weapons Convention Verification Mechanism. Implications for the Australia Group, Strategic Trade Review, 11: 12, 43-82.
    Publication
  • Biological and chemical weapons legislation in the EU: A need for harmonization?
    | 2024
    de Vries, Barry (2024): Biological and chemical weapons legislation in the EU: A need for harmonization?, New Journal of European Criminal Law, 15: 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/203228442412741
  • The Biological Weapons Amendment to the ICC Statute and National Provisions: Mutually Reinforcing Evidence for Customary Criminalization?
    | 2024
    de Vries, Barry (2024): The Biological Weapons Amendment to the ICC Statute and National Provisions: Mutually Reinforcing Evidence for Customary Criminalization?, Journal of International Criminal Justice. DOI: 10.1177/20322844241274165
  • Prohibiting the use of biological weapons: diverging national measures, a comparative analysis
    | 2024
    de Vries, Barry (2024): Prohibiting the use of biological weapons: diverging national measures, a comparative analysis, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 29: 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krae008
  • Recent Developments in the National Implementation of Biological Weapons Convention: What Happened Since Resolution 1540?
    | 2023
    de Vries, Barry (2023): Recent Developments in the National Implementation of Biological Weapons Convention: What Happened Since Resolution 1540?, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 28: 3.
  • An Equivalent to Art. 8(2)(b)(xx) ICC Statute for Non-International Armed Conflicts? Is it Warranted on the Basis of International Customary Law?
    | 2021
    de Vries, Barry (2021): An Equivalent to Art. 8(2)(b)(xx) ICC Statute for Non-International Armed Conflicts? Is it Warranted on the Basis of International Customary Law?, International Criminal Law Review, 21: 3, 561–587.
  • The Use of Fact-Finding within the Human Rights Council: Shaping Perceptiona.
    | 2021
    de Vries, Barry (2021): The Use of Fact-Finding within the Human Rights Council: Shaping Perceptiona., Journal of Human Rights Practice, 13: 3, 489–506. DOI: 10.1093/jhuman/huab020
  • Could International Fact-Finding Missions possibly render a case inadmissible for the ICC?
    | 2019
    de Vries, Barry (2019): Could International Fact-Finding Missions possibly render a case inadmissible for the ICC?. Remarks on the ongoing attempts to include international criminal law in fact-finding., Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 24: 3, 593–616. DOI: 10.1093/jcsl/krz028

  • Introduction: The Biological Weapons Convention at 50
    | 2026
    de Vries, Barry (2026): Introduction: The Biological Weapons Convention at 50, in: de Vries, Barry; Burck, Kristoffer; Veini, Sannimari (eds), 50 Years of the Biological Weapons Convention: Past, Present and Future, Den Haag: T.M.C. Asser Press, 1–15. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-6265-707-6
    Publication
    ISBN: 978-94-6265-709-0
  • Review Conferences: The Lifeblood of the Convention
    | 2026
    de Vries, Barry (2026): Review Conferences: The Lifeblood of the Convention, in: de Vries, Barry; Burck, Kristoffer; Veini, Sannimari (eds), 50 Years of the Biological Weapons Convention: Past, Present and Future, Den Haag: T.M.C. Asser Press, 163–177. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-6265-707-6
    Publication
    ISBN: 978-94-6265-709-0
  • The BWC and the Regional: Permeation and Reflection of the Biological Weapons Prohibition in Regional Institutions
    | 2026
    de Vries, Barry; Veini, Sannimari (2026): The BWC and the Regional: Permeation and Reflection of the Biological Weapons Prohibition in Regional Institutions, in: de Vries, Barry; Burck, Kristoffer; Veini, Sannimari (eds), 50 Years of the Biological Weapons Convention: Past, Present and Future, Den Haag: T.M.C. Asser Press, 211–237. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-6265-707-6_11
    Publication
    ISBN: 978-94-6265-709-0
  • Command and Control as a Subject of Arms Control.
    | 2022
    de Vries, Barry; Asche, Rafael (2022): Command and Control as a Subject of Arms Control., in: Myjer, Eric; Marauhn, Thilo (eds), Research Handbook on International Arms Control Law: Elgar, 131–142. DOI: 10.4337/9781788111904
    Publication
  • 3D Printing.
    | 2022
    de Vries, Barry (2022): 3D Printing., in: Myjer, Eric; Marauhn, Thilo (eds), Research Handbook on International Arms Control Law: Elgar, 409–423. DOI: 10.4337/9781788111904
    Publication
  • Natural Resources in Times of Occupation
    | 2021
    de Vries, Barry; Marauhn, Thilo (2021): Natural Resources in Times of Occupation, in: Fremuth, Michael Lysander/Griebel, Jörn/Heinsch, Robert (eds), Natural Resources and International Law – Developments and Challenges. A Liber Amicorum in Honour of Stephan Hobe: Nomos.
  • Not a love affair
    | 2020
    de Vries, Barry; Marauhn, Thilo (2020): Not a love affair. The relationship between the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, in: Dunworth, Treasa/Hood, Anna (eds), Disarmament Law. Reviving the Field, London: Routledge.
    Publication

  • 50 Years of the Biological Weapons Convention
    | 2026
    de Vries, Barry; Burck, Kristoffer; Veini, Sannimari (2026): 50 Years of the Biological Weapons Convention. Past, Present and Future, Den Haag: T.M.C. Asser Press. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-6265-707-6
    ISBN: 978-94-6265-709-0
  • Chemical and Biological Weapons
    | 2025
    de Vries, Barry (2025): Chemical and Biological Weapons. The Interconnectivity of Norms, International Humanitarian Law Series, Bd. 76, Leiden: Brill.
    Publication
    ISBN: 978-90-04-73919-2
  • Legal restraints on the use of military force
    | 2021
    Marauhn, Thilo; de Vries, Barry (2021): Legal restraints on the use of military force. Collected Essays by Michael Bothe, Leiden/Boston: Brill | Nijhoff.

  • Individual Criminal Responsibility for Autonomous Weapons Systems in International Criminal Law
    | 2023
    de Vries, Barry (2023): Individual Criminal Responsibility for Autonomous Weapons Systems in International Criminal Law: Brill.
    Publication

  • The Alleged Poisoning of Alexei Navalny: Why do Toxin Allegations Go to the Hague?
    | 2026
    de Vries, Barry (2026): The Alleged Poisoning of Alexei Navalny: Why do Toxin Allegations Go to the Hague?, Articles of War: Lieber Institute for Law & Warfare.
    Publication
  • Chemical Attacks under the Convention against Torture: A New Possible Avenue?
    | 2023
    Hoffberger-Pippan, Elisabeth; de Vries, Barry (2023): Chemical Attacks under the Convention against Torture: A New Possible Avenue?, PRIF Blog.
    Publication
  • The Legal Effect of the BWC Review Conferences
    | 2022
    Burck, Kristoffer; Veini, Sannimari; de Vries, Barry (2022): The Legal Effect of the BWC Review Conferences: CBWNet.
    Publication
  • Chemical Weapons Allegations and Russia’s Invasion in Ukraine
    | 2022
    Burck, Kristoffer; Jakob, Una; Jeremias, Gunnar; Kelle, Alexander; Marauhn, Thilo; Meier, Oliver; Nixdorff, Kathryn; Trapp, Ralf; de Vries, Barry (2022): Chemical Weapons Allegations and Russia’s Invasion in Ukraine, CBWNet News.
    Publication
  • The Xinjiang Police Files and the Visit of the UN High Commissioner: Will This Open Up New Opportunities?
    | 2022
    de Vries, Barry (2022): The Xinjiang Police Files and the Visit of the UN High Commissioner: Will This Open Up New Opportunities?, PRIF Blog.
    Publication
  • Assistance to Ukraine: Moving away from the neutrality paradigm
    | 2022
    de Vries, Barry (2022): Assistance to Ukraine: Moving away from the neutrality paradigm, PRIF BLOG.
    Publication
  • Russian allegations of biological weapons activities in Ukraine
    | 2022
    Jakob, Una; Jeremias, Gunnar; Kelle, Alexander; Marauhn, Thilo; Meier, Oliver; Nixdorff, Kathryn; Trapp, Ralf; de Vries, Barry (2022): Russian allegations of biological weapons activities in Ukraine, PRIF BLOG.
    Publication

  • The Concepts of Biosafety and Biosecurity
    | 2024
    Hoffberger-Pippan, Elisabeth; de Vries, Barry; Veini, Sannimari; Chinchilla, Mónica (2024): The Concepts of Biosafety and Biosecurity. The Need for a Coherent Approach, CBWNet Working Paper, No. 12.
    Publication
  • National Implementation of International Norms against Biological Weapons
    | 2023
    de Vries, Barry (2023): National Implementation of International Norms against Biological Weapons, CBWNet Working Paper.
    Publication

Further Activities

| 2016–2017
Student Representative “Research & Knowledge Exchange Committee” at the Oxford Brookes University, England

| 2016
Member “Humanitarian Law of War Network of the Dutch Red Cross”

| 2014–2015
Student Representative of the Master Program “International and European Law” at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium