| 2026
Ben Aharon, Eldad (2026): Major Non-NATO Ally Status: The Politics of Security Norms, PRIF Working Paper, 72, Frankfurt/M .
This working paper examines the United States (U.S.) Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) designation as a normative global security framework. MNNA status provides access to U.S. military assistance and surplus defence technologies and arms. However, it lacks the defence guarantees of Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and therefore functions as an intermediate, incentive-based arrangement situated between formal alliances and more flexible partnerships.Despite its rapid expansion between 1987 and 2026 to 21 designated states and its growing global reach, MNNA remains strikingly under-researched, both empirically and theoretically, with little systematic analysis of its strategic and normative implications. This working paper offers the first in-depth historical and analytical study of the MNNA designation, establishing it as a foundation for ongoing scholarly investigation. It asks: how does MNNA status enable the U.S. and designated countries to balance their normative expectations in security cooperation, alliance formation, strategic restraint, and broader regional commitments amid growing systemic fragmentation in international politics? The main empirical section analyses the global and regional distribution of MNNA status, focusing on South America, the Middle East and the Levant, Africa, the Gulf region, and the Indo-Pacific. This overview maps the different uses of the MNNA designation across regions and the distribution of the varying needs of both the United States and the designated countries. The regional analysis reveals that the MNNA designation is applied unevenly across global security environments and tailored to specific regional normative and strategic contexts. Rather than serving a single fixed function, MNNA encompasses multiple security roles, with different dimensions emphasised across different regions.